Free Essays on Tupac Vs. Biggie

During the 60’s and 70’s, blacks were struggling for civil rights, and equal opportunities. In the late 60’s a movement was formed â€Å"The Black Panthers† called for the reform of American society to achieve social, political, and economic equality, based on principles of socialism. The political party shock up the 60’s, tired of police brutality and uncivil treatment as human beings. Heuy P. Newton and Booby Seale formed a Party in Oakland, California. The movement gained political attention and migrated around America. The Panthers patrolled the black communities with symbolic berets, firearms, black hats, and black leather jackets. They were recognized as militant and courageous Afro-American Nationalist. (Panther, (1995) Dir. Mario Peebles with Kadeem Hardison, Courtney Vance) The members expanded their services: providing free breakfast for children, clothes, and funded education for poor children. By the end of the year, the Panthers set up kitchens in cities across the nation, feeding over 10,000 children every day before they went to school. During this political movement hundreds of the Panthers were killed by the FBI, and county policemen. The Panthers efficiently eliminated by the FBI, majority went to jail for crimes that were made up, others were killed execution style. Some of the Panthers still remain Political Prisoner’s, some are professors at University, and others became a victim to drug addiction. One of the most popular drugs was crack cocaine. Crack sabotaged the black communities, in which the Panthers struggled to liberate. (marxists.org/history/usa/workers/black-panthers/) In April 1969, the Panther 21 case, a jury acquitted New York Party members who has been charged with arson, conspiracy, and attempted murder, for allegedly plotting police assassinations and attempting to blow up public buildings. One of the Panther 21’s was Afeni Shakur. Afeni Shakur joined the political Party ... Free Essays on Tupac Vs. Biggie Free Essays on Tupac Vs. Biggie During the 60’s and 70’s, blacks were struggling for civil rights, and equal opportunities. In the late 60’s a movement was formed â€Å"The Black Panthers† called for the reform of American society to achieve social, political, and economic equality, based on principles of socialism. The political party shock up the 60’s, tired of police brutality and uncivil treatment as human beings. Heuy P. Newton and Booby Seale formed a Party in Oakland, California. The movement gained political attention and migrated around America. The Panthers patrolled the black communities with symbolic berets, firearms, black hats, and black leather jackets. They were recognized as militant and courageous Afro-American Nationalist. (Panther, (1995) Dir. Mario Peebles with Kadeem Hardison, Courtney Vance) The members expanded their services: providing free breakfast for children, clothes, and funded education for poor children. By the end of the year, the Panthers set up kitchens in cities across the nation, feeding over 10,000 children every day before they went to school. During this political movement hundreds of the Panthers were killed by the FBI, and county policemen. The Panthers efficiently eliminated by the FBI, majority went to jail for crimes that were made up, others were killed execution style. Some of the Panthers still remain Political Prisoner’s, some are professors at University, and others became a victim to drug addiction. One of the most popular drugs was crack cocaine. Crack sabotaged the black communities, in which the Panthers struggled to liberate. (marxists.org/history/usa/workers/black-panthers/) In April 1969, the Panther 21 case, a jury acquitted New York Party members who has been charged with arson, conspiracy, and attempted murder, for allegedly plotting police assassinations and attempting to blow up public buildings. One of the Panther 21’s was Afeni Shakur. Afeni Shakur joined the political Party ...

Learn About NASAs Pathfinder Mission to Mars

Learn About NASAs Pathfinder Mission to Mars Meet Mars Pathfinder The Mars Pathfinder was the second of NASAs low-cost planetary Discovery missions to be launched. It was an ambitious way to send a lander and a separate, remote-controlled rover to the surface of Mars and demonstrated a number of innovative, economical, and highly effective approaches to spacecraft and mission design of a planetary landing mission. One reason it was sent was to show the feasibility of low-cost landings at Mars and eventual robotic exploration.   Mars Pathfinder was launched on a Delta 7925 on December 4, 1996. The spacecraft entered the Martian atmosphere on July 4, 1997 and took atmospheric measurements as it descended. The entry vehicles heat shield slowed the craft to 400 meters per second in about 160 seconds. A 12.5-meter parachute was deployed at this time, slowing the craft to about 70 meters per second. The heat shield was released 20 seconds after parachute deployment, and the bridle, a 20-meter-long braided Kevlar tether, deployed below the spacecraft. The lander separated from the back shell and slid down to the bottom of the bridle over about 25 seconds. At an altitude of about 1.6 kilometers, the radar altimeter acquired the ground, and about 10 seconds before landing four air bags inflated in about 0.3 seconds forming a 5.2-meter-wide diameter protective ball around the lander. Four seconds later at an altitude of 98 meters the three solid rockets, mounted in the backshell, fired to slow the descent, and the bridle was cut 21.5 meters above the ground. That released the airbag-encased lander, which dropped to the ground. It bounced about 12 meters into the air, bouncing at least another 15 times and rolling before coming to rest approximately 2.5 minutes after impact and about a kilometer from the initial impact site. After landing, the airbags deflated and were retracted. Pathfinder opened its three metallic triangular solar panels (petals) 87 minutes after landing. The lander first transmitted the engineering and atmospheric science data collected during entry and landing. The imaging system obtained views of the rover and immediate surroundings and a panoramic view of the landing area. Eventually, the landers ramps were deployed and the rover rolled onto the surface.   The Sojourner Rover The Pathfinders rover Sojourner was named  in honor of Sojourner Truth, a 19th-century abolitionist and champion of womens rights. It operated for 84 days, 12 times longer than its designed lifetime of seven days. It investigated rocks and soil in the area around the lander.   The bulk of the landers task was to support the rover by imaging rover operations and relaying data from the rover to Earth. The lander was also equipped with a meteorology station. Over 2.5 meters of solar cells on the lander petals, in combination with rechargeable batteries, powered the lander and its onboard computer. Three low-gain antennas extended from three corners of the box and a camera extended up from the center on a 0.8-meter high pop-up mast. Images were taken and experiments performed by the lander and rover until 27 September 1997 when communications were lost for unknown reasons. The landing site in the Ares Vallis region of Mars is at 19.33 N, 33.55 W. The lander has been named the Sagan Memorial Station, and it operated nearly three times its design lifetime of 30 days. Pathfinders Landing Spot The Ares Vallis region of Mars is a large flood plain near Chryse Planitia. This region is one of the largest outflow channels on Mars, the result of a huge flood (possibly an amount of water equivalent to the volume of all five Great Lakes) over a short period of time flowing into the martian northern lowlands. The Mars Pathfinder mission cost approximately $265 million including launch and operations. Development and construction of the lander cost $150 million and the rover about $25 million. Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.